一、節流閥

　　1、 Throttle valve

　　(1)節流閥是通過改變節流截面或節流長度以控制流體流量的閥門。將節流閥和單向閥并聯則可組合成單向節流閥。節流閥和單向節流閥是簡易的流量控制閥，在定量泵液壓系統中，節流閥和溢流閥配合，可組成三種節流調速系統，即進油路節流調速系統、回油路節流調速系統和旁路節流調速系統。

　　(1) A throttle valve is a valve that controls fluid flow by changing the throttle section or length. Parallel connection of throttle valve and one-way valve can be combined to form a one-way throttle valve. Throttle valve and one-way throttle valve are simple flow control valves. In a quantitative pump hydraulic system, the combination of throttle valve and relief valve can form three types of throttling speed control systems, namely inlet line throttling speed control system, return line throttling speed control system, and bypass throttling speed control system.

　　(2)節流閥沒有流量負反饋功能，不能補償由負載變化所造成的速度不穩定，一般僅用于負載變化不大或對速度穩定性要求不高的場合。一種液壓壓力控制閥。在液壓設備中主要起定壓溢流作用和安全保護作用。

　　(2) Throttle valves do not have negative flow feedback function and cannot compensate for speed instability caused by load changes. They are generally only used in situations where load changes are not significant or where speed stability requirements are not high. A hydraulic pressure control valve. It mainly plays a role in constant pressure overflow and safety protection in hydraulic equipment.

　　(3)對節流閥的性能要求是:

　　(3) The performance requirements for throttle valves are:

　　1、流量調節范圍大，流量壓差變化平滑;

　　1. The flow regulation range is large, and the flow pressure difference changes smoothly;

　　2、內泄漏量小，若有外泄漏油口，外泄漏量也要小;

　　2. The internal leakage is small, and if there is an external leakage port, the external leakage should also be small;

　　3、調節力矩小，動作靈敏。

　　3. The adjustment torque is small and the action is sensitive.

　　二、溢流閥

　　2、 Overflow valve

　　(1)溢流閥定壓溢流作用：在定量泵節流調節系統中，液壓油泵提供的是恒定流量。當系統壓力增大時，會使流量需求減小。此時溢流閥開啟，使多余流量溢回油箱，保證溢流閥進口壓力，即泵出口壓力恒定(閥口常隨壓力波動開啟)。

　　(1) The constant pressure overflow function of the overflow valve: In the quantitative pump throttling regulation system, the hydraulic oil pump provides a constant flow rate. When the system pressure increases, it will reduce the flow demand. At this point, the overflow valve opens, allowing excess flow to overflow back into the oil tank, ensuring a constant inlet pressure of the overflow valve, i.e. a constant pump outlet pressure (the valve port often opens with pressure fluctuations).

　　(2)安全保護作用：系統正常工作時，閥門關閉。只有負載超過規定的極限(系統壓力超過調定壓力)時開啟溢流，進行過載保護，使系統壓力不再增加(通常使溢流閥的調定壓力比系統最高工作壓力高10%~20%)。

　　(2) Safety protection function: When the system is working normally, the valve is closed. Only when the load exceeds the specified limit (system pressure exceeds the set pressure), the overflow is activated for overload protection, so that the system pressure no longer increases (usually the set pressure of the overflow valve is 10% to 20% higher than the maximum working pressure of the system).

　　(3)實際應用中一般有：作卸荷閥用，作遠程調壓閥，作高低壓多級控制閥，作順序閥，用于產生背壓(串在回油路上)。溢流閥一般有兩種結構:1、直動型溢流閥；2、先導型溢流閥。

　　(3) In practical applications, it is generally used as an unloading valve, a remote pressure regulating valve, a high and low pressure multi-stage control valve, a sequence valve, and is used to generate back pressure (in series on the return oil line). There are generally two types of structures for overflow valves: 1. Direct acting overflow valves; 2. Pilot operated relief valve.

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